B1–B2 · 22 lessons
The complete predication system, the sound rules, the particles, and the text
The beginner course took you through A1 and A2: greetings, the markers, both pronoun sets, the fused pronouns, verb aspect, and actor and object focus.
This tier works through everything that was deferred — the rest of the predication types, the morphophonemics that let you read a form you have never met, the lexical particles, clause linking, the writing systems and the literature.
Completing the grammar engine: predication types, morphophonemics, statives, causatives, comparison.
Putting the thing acted on in focus, and the four -an verb classes
Putting the person it was done for in focus
Location, direction, instrument, reason — and the pi- place-forms
Stress, vowel loss, and the two changes behind sali→seli
Assimilation, s/d→y, d→r — the rules that disguise a root
Being in a state rather than doing an action
A construction that means “just this minute finished”
What maka- actually does — and why Tagalog will mislead you
Having something done rather than doing it
The linker at full depth, including splitting
The pseudo-verbs working as a system
Equal, more, most — and the ka- exclamation
From the clause to the text: particles, clause linking, relatives, register, writing and literature.
Four ways to make a sentence without a verb
The small words that carry the attitude, and their order
Joining clauses into real sentences
How a long noun phrase is built from small parts
Weather, greetings, curses — utterances with no predicate
The full chart: four distances, four cases, plurals
A syllabary, a Spanish alphabet, and a revision
Metrical romances bought at fiestas
Two dialects, and what Amanung Sisuan argues for
Holding the floor, and where to go next
Reference and practice alongside the lessons.
Tick off the CEFR B1 and B2 descriptors as you meet them, each linked to the lesson that teaches it.
Every word in the tier, searchable and sortable, with audio and one-click adding to your review deck.
Graded passages recycling the grammar of this tier, with comprehension questions.
The B1–B2 paradigms on one printable page — predication types, affixes, particles, deictics.
The primary source is Michael L. Forman, Kapampangan Grammar Notes (University of Hawai'i Press, PALI Language Texts, 1971) — a hundred-page reference grammar written from fieldwork in Bacolor between October 1968 and April 1969, and available free under a Creative Commons licence.
Every lesson maps to a section of it, and the examples are his. Where he hedges, these lessons hedge. Where he says something is not yet understood — and he does, more than once — the lesson says so too rather than inventing a tidy rule.
This tier does not analogise from Tagalog. That rule earned its keep: lesson 8 was drafted on the assumption that maka- is the potentive, as it is in Tagalog. Reading Forman showed it is a stative descriptive instead, and the lesson was rewritten. Shared vocabulary between the two languages makes the divergences more dangerous, not less.
A consequence worth stating plainly: what you learn here is the Kapampangan of one town, recorded over six months in 1969. Lesson 21 sets out what varies elsewhere.